October water, some leaves and a few fish

October 12th, 2013

These bulletin blogs represent news about Finavon and the South Esk, and my views as a riparian owner. While I may digress at times to write about other places, these are not the views of any other organisation, nor are they designed to promote the interests of any individual or organisation other than Finavon Castle Water and factors affecting the fishery. Tony Andrews

As we move into the last three weeks of the 2013 season it only takes a glance at the SEPA graphs of water levels in the South Esk since May to realise that this summer has been a dry one. In fact it has been the driest for more than 30 years.

October fishing party at FCW.

October fishing party at FCW.
Sitting L>R: Mathew Brown, James Horne, Peter Bentley, Oliver Reeve
Behind them their guide, John Wood.

It is therefore not surprising that fish have been hard to catch. They have also been hard to see, except in bright sunshine when their shadows and shapes were discernible against the pale tones of the river bed gravel. The truth is that there have been reasonable numbers of both salmon and sea trout throughout the four and a half months of mainly low water levels. In a previous blog I wrote about a July visit by Colin Gibb and myself to the Boat Pool where we observed hundreds of sea trout lying doggo in the main dub of the pool. Since then there has been a constant changing of the guard as fish moved into the lies immediately downstream of the Haughs Aqueduct, and then moved on – to be replaced by another group of fish, a mixture of grilse and MSW salmon, interspersed with diminishing numbers of sea trout as the autumn advanced.

Autumn grasses at the Boat Pool

Autumn grasses at the Boat Pool

Talking of sea trout, it is good to see a lot of spawning activity in Willows and the glide above Volcano, where more than 40 redds can be seen. Those two locations have long been favoured spawning beds for our sea trout, and it is encouraging to see a good level of regeneration continuing.

Oliver Reeve fishing Tyndals Pool

Oliver Reeve fishing Tyndals Pool

We had a small freshet last weekend which washed away some of the algae and accumulated debris in the margins of the river, but it brought very few fresh salmon into the river. It was more a juggling of what was already in the river than an introduction of newly arrived salmon. But that changed yesterday (Friday) with Peter Bentley catching a 6lbs silvery cock grilse from Beeches on Castle Beat, having caught and returned a 6lbs grilse in Volcano on Thursday and another one of the same size, also in Beeches. Peter is a skilled angler who fishes quietly and accurately, and catches fish as a result.

Peter Bentley’s 6lbs grilse caught & returned in Volcano

Peter Bentley’s 6lbs grilse caught & returned in Volcano

So there are fish about, not in great numbers but they are there. A feature of fish behaviour this year has been how seldom fish have shown by breaking the surface. We have had to search for them using Polaroid glasses and peering into the pools in daylight. There have been occasional flurries of fish showing, but generally these have only been for a few minutes, perhaps prompted by subtle changes in atmospheric pressure.

Early autumn view in low water from the Red Brae Hut.

Early autumn view in low water from the Red Brae Hut.

As write this on Saturday the 12th of October the FCW total of salmon and grilse for the 2013 season stands at 40 and sea trout at a paltry 24. It has not been a good fishing season. There have been weeks on end when effort has dropped away to extremely low levels, with some weeks of zero effort. Never mind; I keep saying to myself that such summer weather is not unusual, or at least it used not to be so. Perhaps we have been lulled into thinking that every summer is guaranteed to be as wet as the last five have been. My memory doesn’t need much jogging to recall a number of dry summers, although none as extensively so as this one. We just need to remember that we are dealing with wild species in a natural resource influenced by a varying climate. Nothing new in that.

The familiar view of the webcam boulder – “The Armchair” – during the long dry summer of 2013

The familiar view of the webcam boulder – “The Armchair” – during the long dry summer of 2013

I shall write soon about the importance of measuring fishing effort in the context of our use of catch returns as a measure of abundance. On a small river such as the South Esk, which, when the water level is low, is a clear water stream, effort is more than simply counting up the number of rod days. We need to draw in a number of other factors, including angling method, skill level of the angler, local knowledge, the time of year and hours spent on the river. Whatever formula we eventually reach cannot be any more than an impression of effort, but at least it might indicate a trend…

TA 13/10/2013

Autumn arrives & puts the season in perspective

October 8th, 2013

Autumn grasses at VolcanoBeechesin very low water 9.13

These bulletin blogs represent news about Finavon and the South Esk, and my views as a riparian owner. While I may digress at times to write about other places, these are not the views of any other organisation, nor are they designed to promote the interests of any individual or organisation other than Finavon Castle Water and factors affecting the fishery. Tony Andrews

Although the temperature hasn’t dropped – yet, the leaves, dessicated by the dry summer, have started to fall into the river, making fishing an irritation at times. There are a few fish about, less than we might have expected in the circumstances. Many anglers were hoping that the long drought might have held back fish, so that when the first flood arrived, as it did (briefly) last week, there would be an in-rush of salmon into the pools. We all hoped for silver MSW autumn salmon, but what we got was a few rather coloured fish which had probably been hunkered down in some of the lower river pools.

Osin unilaya para

We have seen a few salmon, all coloured, caught and returned. My guess is that many fish will have arrived off the coast earlier in the season and either were predated or netted, legally or illegally, and some may have died from stress before entering the river. While there may be a late autumn run, I think encouragement of a consistent level of cool, fresh water flowing into the sea at Montrose will be the deciding factor. But of course that is pure speculation, and is not supported by data.

South Esk Tagging Project

I have just heard that two salmon were tagged at sea in April 2013 and were later recorded as having entered the Spey! Given that only 38 fish were tagged at sea, and a further 22 in fresh water at Upper Kinnaird on the South Esk, these two Spey fish represent a sizeable proportion of fish ‘belonging’ to the Spey being caught by Usan Fisheries. We don’t really need any more evidence that the impact of Usan nets is probably affecting all east coast rivers, including ‘the rivers in-between’ (see the bulletin for 22 September).
Perhaps the inclusion of the Spey will add weight to the powerful argument that mixed stocks netting has had its day, and that it is impossible to manage Scotland’s wild salmon effectively while the practice continues.

Tagging for 2013 is now complete with 38 salmon tagged at sea after capture in the Usan nets, and 22 in the South Esk after being caught in a net trap positioned in the Arn Pool at Upper Kinnaird. It is a pity that no contract was agreed between the Government and Usan Fisheries to continue tagging into the month of May. This I understand was for commercial reasons, presumably because Messers Pullar did not want disruption to their extremely valuable May netting.

As I mentioned in mid April, May is now the most prolific month for spring salmon on the South Esk. In years gone by it was April that saw the main run, but that has changed. We will therefore not get the data we need to find out where our May-run spring salmon spawn and where their progeny have their nursery areas. That is a pity, and I suggest is against the public interest. In other words, that contract with Usan Fisheries should in my opinion have been demanded and signed. After all, we are talking about a national and natural resource here, and we all are involved (or should be) in protecting it for future generations.

So, how many salmon are now in the South Esk catchment, as revealed by recordings on the positioned static receivers?

22 salmon were tagged in fresh water at Kinnaird

13 tags remain below the dyke (some which have been regurgitated and are now sitting on the bed of the river)

6 salmon have crossed the Kinnaird dyke

1 salmon is already in Glen Clova

4 are unaccounted for

24 radio-tagged salmon, including the 2 netted at sea, now appear to be in the South Esk, which is more than at any time in 2012

38 salmon were tagged at sea in Usan nets

2 entered the South Esk

1 entered the Tay

7 entered the North Esk

2 entered the Spey

26 are as yet unaccounted for.

These 60 fish are the baseline for the 2013 tracking exercise whose objectives are:

1. To find out where South Esk springers spawn

2. To find out which rivers the Usan nets are (lethally) exploiting

Of the 22 early season salmon caught in the Marine Scotland net in the Arn Pool at Upper Kinnaird we now know that some tags were regurgitated and later recovered, and that some 6 fish triggered the Bridge of Dun receiver as they left the river, so we may have a dozen fish to give us the data we need to establish where the spring salmon spawn and where their progeny spend the pre smolt part of their lives. Not a very robust sample.

TA 8/10/13

Return to the Rottal Burn

September 23rd, 2013

These bulletin blogs represent news about Finavon and the South Esk, and my views as a riparian owner. While I may digress at times to write about other places, these are not the views of any other organisation, nor are they designed to promote the interests of any individual or organisation other than Finavon Castle Water and factors affecting the fishery. Tony Andrews

I admire the Rottal Burn restoration Project. With squinted eyes and a bit of imagination, I can surmise what the new course of the burn and its surroundings might look like in 20 years from now. It looks nice, doesn’t it? The burn now has natural features such as a riffle-pool-riffle sequence, bends, deeper pools, gravel bars and erosion zones. It is starting to look natural, which should please the human eye. Furthermore, I have seen both fry and parr in its pools.

Rottal original channel

Looking upstream towards Rottal Lodge from the bridge

Rottal original

The view downstream from the bridge to the start of the restored section of the Rottal Burn

The two photos above show what the Rottal Burn looked like before the restoration in 2012. The straight, dredged channel can clearly be seen, but we should not dismiss the benefits of this high energy, well oxygenated channel that contains ideal sizes of spawning cobbles and gravel. The issue here is not the spawning itself, but the lack of cover and varied habitat for juvenile salmon and sea trout at the fry and parr stages of their growth. The photos were both taken from the bridge at Rottal looking upstream towards the Lodge and downstream towards the confluence. These two photos are a good basis from which to compare the other photos in this blog.

It is well worth reading the ERFT report on the management plan 2009-2012. The report lists the  benefits of the planned restoration as the creation of diverse riparian and aquatic habitat, a return to a more natural flow regime, attenuation of flood peaks, visual enhancement of the area, restoration of functional, sustainable populations of salmon and sea trout, investigate the transfer of freshwater mussels into the burn, develop a demonstration site for future research.

www.erft.org.uk/images/uploads/EsksFMPupdatereport.pdf

Nevertheless, there is good reason to ask some basic questions about the genesis of this project, not least among which is the question, “Why did we do it, as opposed to a more obvious stock enhancement project based on a credible baseline data set?”

Rottal Burn corner pool with depth

A bend in the newly scoured channel, a naturally depositing gravel bar, and a pool with real depth and bank cover for juvenile salmon and seatrout.

The Rottal Burn restoration was an innovative and costly project, but was this high profile morphological intervention necessary?

Rottal excellent riffle stretch

Excellent riffle and cobble stratum for spawning and juveniles.

Did the project provide value for a considerable amount of tax payers’ money? If you had £150,000 (or thereabouts) allocated to enhancing South Esk habitat for salmon and sea trout, is the Rottal project how you would spend it?

Rottal Burn Riffle & bend

Woody debris and a deeper channel for juveniles. Just one winter of floods and scouring produced this ideal salmonid habitat.

How will we know if it was successful or otherwise?

Rottal Burn 9

Erosion in progress. Good quality spawning stratum for salmon in a stretch of the new channel which is clearly widening with every flood.

In other words, are there success measures in place and, after one year since the project was completed, are its outcomes becoming apparent?

Rottal Burn 10

Erosion and riffle. The natural process of erosion, a constant and continuous process since the last ice age in Glen Clova, defines the nature of the ‘itinerant’ and meandering Rottal Burn. All we can do is to start the process and then hand it over to natural morphology.

These questions need to be answered in the context of the priorities for restoration of the South Esk catchment as a whole. It might be said that we should have waited until the results of the Marine Scotland (spring) salmon tracking project were available. A question could be asked about baseline data; for example, were data available on redd counts in the dredged channel of the Rottal burn, and the results of juvenile counts in the burn prior to the project? If there are no such data, how can we know whether the project has improved the recruitment performance of the ‘improved’ section of the burn?

Sepajari Rottal

This visually attractive meander had an artificial start, but nonetheless, it is a successful attempt at achieving habitat diversity.

This project should be the start of a debate, not its conclusion. Visually it is fair to say the Rottal Burn project has so far been a success. We need to bear in mind what it looked like before the restoration – a straight dredged channel of one kilometer. Ideally we should now see:

a) reports on salmon and trout spawning and parr recruitment and, if possible, a comparison with what was there before

b) reports on improving fauna and flora diversity, including invertebrates and intoducing the freshwater mussel. Is there better biodiversity than before the project? A step-by-step monitoring of progress would be helpful.

c) comparisons with other tributaries in the upper and middle catchment and the populations they support.

Rottal Wildlife observation hut (2)

Wildlife observation hut and ‘Field Classroom’ overlooking the restored Rottal Burn

Having got ourselves enthused with the innovation, we now need some cool, objective data to give us a proper evaluation of this project. I look forward to that, but I recognise that it may take time.

TA 23/9